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skills/mlops/models/stable-diffusion/SKILL.md
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skills/mlops/models/stable-diffusion/SKILL.md
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---
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name: stable-diffusion-image-generation
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description: State-of-the-art text-to-image generation with Stable Diffusion models via HuggingFace Diffusers. Use when generating images from text prompts, performing image-to-image translation, inpainting, or building custom diffusion pipelines.
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version: 1.0.0
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author: Orchestra Research
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license: MIT
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dependencies: [diffusers>=0.30.0, transformers>=4.41.0, accelerate>=0.31.0, torch>=2.0.0]
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metadata:
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hermes:
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tags: [Image Generation, Stable Diffusion, Diffusers, Text-to-Image, Multimodal, Computer Vision]
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---
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# Stable Diffusion Image Generation
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Comprehensive guide to generating images with Stable Diffusion using the HuggingFace Diffusers library.
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## When to use Stable Diffusion
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**Use Stable Diffusion when:**
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- Generating images from text descriptions
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- Performing image-to-image translation (style transfer, enhancement)
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- Inpainting (filling in masked regions)
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- Outpainting (extending images beyond boundaries)
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- Creating variations of existing images
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- Building custom image generation workflows
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**Key features:**
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- **Text-to-Image**: Generate images from natural language prompts
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- **Image-to-Image**: Transform existing images with text guidance
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- **Inpainting**: Fill masked regions with context-aware content
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- **ControlNet**: Add spatial conditioning (edges, poses, depth)
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- **LoRA Support**: Efficient fine-tuning and style adaptation
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- **Multiple Models**: SD 1.5, SDXL, SD 3.0, Flux support
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**Use alternatives instead:**
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- **DALL-E 3**: For API-based generation without GPU
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- **Midjourney**: For artistic, stylized outputs
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- **Imagen**: For Google Cloud integration
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- **Leonardo.ai**: For web-based creative workflows
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## Quick start
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### Installation
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```bash
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pip install diffusers transformers accelerate torch
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pip install xformers # Optional: memory-efficient attention
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```
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### Basic text-to-image
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```python
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from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
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import torch
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# Load pipeline (auto-detects model type)
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pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
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"stable-diffusion-v1-5/stable-diffusion-v1-5",
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torch_dtype=torch.float16
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)
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pipe.to("cuda")
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# Generate image
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image = pipe(
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"A serene mountain landscape at sunset, highly detailed",
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num_inference_steps=50,
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guidance_scale=7.5
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).images[0]
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image.save("output.png")
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```
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### Using SDXL (higher quality)
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```python
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from diffusers import AutoPipelineForText2Image
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import torch
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pipe = AutoPipelineForText2Image.from_pretrained(
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"stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0",
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torch_dtype=torch.float16,
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variant="fp16"
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)
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pipe.to("cuda")
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# Enable memory optimization
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pipe.enable_model_cpu_offload()
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image = pipe(
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prompt="A futuristic city with flying cars, cinematic lighting",
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height=1024,
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width=1024,
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num_inference_steps=30
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).images[0]
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```
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## Architecture overview
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### Three-pillar design
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Diffusers is built around three core components:
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```
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Pipeline (orchestration)
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├── Model (neural networks)
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│ ├── UNet / Transformer (noise prediction)
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│ ├── VAE (latent encoding/decoding)
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│ └── Text Encoder (CLIP/T5)
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└── Scheduler (denoising algorithm)
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```
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### Pipeline inference flow
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```
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Text Prompt → Text Encoder → Text Embeddings
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↓
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Random Noise → [Denoising Loop] ← Scheduler
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↓
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Predicted Noise
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↓
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VAE Decoder → Final Image
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```
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## Core concepts
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### Pipelines
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Pipelines orchestrate complete workflows:
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| Pipeline | Purpose |
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|----------|---------|
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| `StableDiffusionPipeline` | Text-to-image (SD 1.x/2.x) |
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| `StableDiffusionXLPipeline` | Text-to-image (SDXL) |
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| `StableDiffusion3Pipeline` | Text-to-image (SD 3.0) |
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| `FluxPipeline` | Text-to-image (Flux models) |
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| `StableDiffusionImg2ImgPipeline` | Image-to-image |
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| `StableDiffusionInpaintPipeline` | Inpainting |
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### Schedulers
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Schedulers control the denoising process:
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| Scheduler | Steps | Quality | Use Case |
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|-----------|-------|---------|----------|
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| `EulerDiscreteScheduler` | 20-50 | Good | Default choice |
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| `EulerAncestralDiscreteScheduler` | 20-50 | Good | More variation |
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| `DPMSolverMultistepScheduler` | 15-25 | Excellent | Fast, high quality |
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| `DDIMScheduler` | 50-100 | Good | Deterministic |
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| `LCMScheduler` | 4-8 | Good | Very fast |
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| `UniPCMultistepScheduler` | 15-25 | Excellent | Fast convergence |
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### Swapping schedulers
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```python
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from diffusers import DPMSolverMultistepScheduler
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# Swap for faster generation
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pipe.scheduler = DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.from_config(
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pipe.scheduler.config
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)
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# Now generate with fewer steps
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image = pipe(prompt, num_inference_steps=20).images[0]
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```
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## Generation parameters
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### Key parameters
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| Parameter | Default | Description |
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|-----------|---------|-------------|
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| `prompt` | Required | Text description of desired image |
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| `negative_prompt` | None | What to avoid in the image |
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| `num_inference_steps` | 50 | Denoising steps (more = better quality) |
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| `guidance_scale` | 7.5 | Prompt adherence (7-12 typical) |
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| `height`, `width` | 512/1024 | Output dimensions (multiples of 8) |
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| `generator` | None | Torch generator for reproducibility |
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| `num_images_per_prompt` | 1 | Batch size |
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### Reproducible generation
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```python
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import torch
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generator = torch.Generator(device="cuda").manual_seed(42)
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image = pipe(
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prompt="A cat wearing a top hat",
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generator=generator,
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num_inference_steps=50
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).images[0]
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```
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### Negative prompts
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```python
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image = pipe(
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prompt="Professional photo of a dog in a garden",
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negative_prompt="blurry, low quality, distorted, ugly, bad anatomy",
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guidance_scale=7.5
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).images[0]
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```
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## Image-to-image
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Transform existing images with text guidance:
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```python
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from diffusers import AutoPipelineForImage2Image
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from PIL import Image
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pipe = AutoPipelineForImage2Image.from_pretrained(
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"stable-diffusion-v1-5/stable-diffusion-v1-5",
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torch_dtype=torch.float16
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).to("cuda")
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init_image = Image.open("input.jpg").resize((512, 512))
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image = pipe(
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prompt="A watercolor painting of the scene",
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image=init_image,
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strength=0.75, # How much to transform (0-1)
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num_inference_steps=50
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).images[0]
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```
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## Inpainting
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Fill masked regions:
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```python
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from diffusers import AutoPipelineForInpainting
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from PIL import Image
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pipe = AutoPipelineForInpainting.from_pretrained(
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"runwayml/stable-diffusion-inpainting",
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torch_dtype=torch.float16
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).to("cuda")
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image = Image.open("photo.jpg")
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mask = Image.open("mask.png") # White = inpaint region
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result = pipe(
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prompt="A red car parked on the street",
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image=image,
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mask_image=mask,
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num_inference_steps=50
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).images[0]
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```
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## ControlNet
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Add spatial conditioning for precise control:
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```python
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from diffusers import StableDiffusionControlNetPipeline, ControlNetModel
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import torch
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# Load ControlNet for edge conditioning
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controlnet = ControlNetModel.from_pretrained(
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"lllyasviel/control_v11p_sd15_canny",
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torch_dtype=torch.float16
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)
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pipe = StableDiffusionControlNetPipeline.from_pretrained(
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"stable-diffusion-v1-5/stable-diffusion-v1-5",
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controlnet=controlnet,
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torch_dtype=torch.float16
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).to("cuda")
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# Use Canny edge image as control
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control_image = get_canny_image(input_image)
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image = pipe(
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prompt="A beautiful house in the style of Van Gogh",
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image=control_image,
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num_inference_steps=30
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).images[0]
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```
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### Available ControlNets
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| ControlNet | Input Type | Use Case |
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|------------|------------|----------|
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| `canny` | Edge maps | Preserve structure |
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| `openpose` | Pose skeletons | Human poses |
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| `depth` | Depth maps | 3D-aware generation |
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| `normal` | Normal maps | Surface details |
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| `mlsd` | Line segments | Architectural lines |
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| `scribble` | Rough sketches | Sketch-to-image |
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## LoRA adapters
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Load fine-tuned style adapters:
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```python
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from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
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pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
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"stable-diffusion-v1-5/stable-diffusion-v1-5",
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torch_dtype=torch.float16
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).to("cuda")
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# Load LoRA weights
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pipe.load_lora_weights("path/to/lora", weight_name="style.safetensors")
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# Generate with LoRA style
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image = pipe("A portrait in the trained style").images[0]
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# Adjust LoRA strength
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pipe.fuse_lora(lora_scale=0.8)
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# Unload LoRA
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pipe.unload_lora_weights()
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```
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### Multiple LoRAs
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```python
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# Load multiple LoRAs
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pipe.load_lora_weights("lora1", adapter_name="style")
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pipe.load_lora_weights("lora2", adapter_name="character")
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# Set weights for each
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pipe.set_adapters(["style", "character"], adapter_weights=[0.7, 0.5])
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image = pipe("A portrait").images[0]
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```
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## Memory optimization
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### Enable CPU offloading
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```python
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# Model CPU offload - moves models to CPU when not in use
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pipe.enable_model_cpu_offload()
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# Sequential CPU offload - more aggressive, slower
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pipe.enable_sequential_cpu_offload()
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```
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### Attention slicing
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```python
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# Reduce memory by computing attention in chunks
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pipe.enable_attention_slicing()
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# Or specific chunk size
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pipe.enable_attention_slicing("max")
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```
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### xFormers memory-efficient attention
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```python
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# Requires xformers package
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pipe.enable_xformers_memory_efficient_attention()
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```
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### VAE slicing for large images
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```python
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# Decode latents in tiles for large images
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pipe.enable_vae_slicing()
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pipe.enable_vae_tiling()
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```
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## Model variants
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### Loading different precisions
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```python
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# FP16 (recommended for GPU)
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pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
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"model-id",
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torch_dtype=torch.float16,
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variant="fp16"
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)
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# BF16 (better precision, requires Ampere+ GPU)
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pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
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"model-id",
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torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16
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)
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```
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### Loading specific components
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```python
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from diffusers import UNet2DConditionModel, AutoencoderKL
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# Load custom VAE
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vae = AutoencoderKL.from_pretrained("stabilityai/sd-vae-ft-mse")
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# Use with pipeline
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pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
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"stable-diffusion-v1-5/stable-diffusion-v1-5",
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vae=vae,
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torch_dtype=torch.float16
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)
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```
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## Batch generation
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Generate multiple images efficiently:
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```python
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# Multiple prompts
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prompts = [
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"A cat playing piano",
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"A dog reading a book",
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"A bird painting a picture"
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]
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images = pipe(prompts, num_inference_steps=30).images
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# Multiple images per prompt
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images = pipe(
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"A beautiful sunset",
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num_images_per_prompt=4,
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num_inference_steps=30
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).images
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```
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## Common workflows
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### Workflow 1: High-quality generation
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```python
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from diffusers import StableDiffusionXLPipeline, DPMSolverMultistepScheduler
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import torch
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# 1. Load SDXL with optimizations
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pipe = StableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained(
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"stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0",
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torch_dtype=torch.float16,
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variant="fp16"
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)
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pipe.to("cuda")
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pipe.scheduler = DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.from_config(pipe.scheduler.config)
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pipe.enable_model_cpu_offload()
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# 2. Generate with quality settings
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image = pipe(
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prompt="A majestic lion in the savanna, golden hour lighting, 8k, detailed fur",
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negative_prompt="blurry, low quality, cartoon, anime, sketch",
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num_inference_steps=30,
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guidance_scale=7.5,
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height=1024,
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width=1024
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).images[0]
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```
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### Workflow 2: Fast prototyping
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```python
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from diffusers import AutoPipelineForText2Image, LCMScheduler
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import torch
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# Use LCM for 4-8 step generation
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pipe = AutoPipelineForText2Image.from_pretrained(
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"stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0",
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torch_dtype=torch.float16
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).to("cuda")
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# Load LCM LoRA for fast generation
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pipe.load_lora_weights("latent-consistency/lcm-lora-sdxl")
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pipe.scheduler = LCMScheduler.from_config(pipe.scheduler.config)
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pipe.fuse_lora()
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# Generate in ~1 second
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image = pipe(
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"A beautiful landscape",
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num_inference_steps=4,
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guidance_scale=1.0
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).images[0]
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```
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## Common issues
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**CUDA out of memory:**
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```python
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# Enable memory optimizations
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pipe.enable_model_cpu_offload()
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pipe.enable_attention_slicing()
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pipe.enable_vae_slicing()
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# Or use lower precision
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pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torch.float16)
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```
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**Black/noise images:**
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```python
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# Check VAE configuration
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# Use safety checker bypass if needed
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pipe.safety_checker = None
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# Ensure proper dtype consistency
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pipe = pipe.to(dtype=torch.float16)
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```
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**Slow generation:**
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```python
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# Use faster scheduler
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from diffusers import DPMSolverMultistepScheduler
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pipe.scheduler = DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.from_config(pipe.scheduler.config)
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# Reduce steps
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image = pipe(prompt, num_inference_steps=20).images[0]
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```
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## References
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- **[Advanced Usage](references/advanced-usage.md)** - Custom pipelines, fine-tuning, deployment
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- **[Troubleshooting](references/troubleshooting.md)** - Common issues and solutions
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## Resources
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- **Documentation**: https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers
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- **Repository**: https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers
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- **Model Hub**: https://huggingface.co/models?library=diffusers
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- **Discord**: https://discord.gg/diffusers
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